Rubrica Disciplinei Medicina de familie UMF „Iuliu Hațieganu” Cluj-Napoca si a Asociației Medicilor de familie Cluj

MEDICAL PRACTICE 

Narrative review

Adherence to long-term treatment – up to date

Abstract

Adherence to long-term treatment is one of the existing problems at all levels of the health system, the family doctor being one of the professionals who can address this aspect with patients, especially those with chronic diseases that require sustained monitoring. In this review we will try to update data on this topic, focusing on the need to implement the term adherence to treatment versus compliance, on current data on the magnitude of the phenomenon, on the contributing factors of adherence, on specific aspects present in certain pathologies and the interventions that we can have to increase adherence to long-term treatment.

The analysis of recent studies in the medical literature emphasizes the importance of this dimension in the holistic approach to the patient. Integrating the assessment of medication adherence in the management of chronic patients is a common conclusion for all levels of medical services.

Keywords: adherence to treatment, contributing factors, interventions

MEDICAL PRACTICE 

Narrative review

Skin cancer prevention in family doctor practice

Abstract

Skin cancer, particularly melanoma, is an increasing public health concern, affecting more young people. The absence of a national screening program makes family doctors crucial in prevention and early detection. UV radiation exposure is the primary risk factor, alongside phenotype, childhood sunburns, family history of melanoma, and immunosuppression. Primary prevention includes education on sun protection, self-examination, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Secondary prevention focuses on the early identification of suspicious lesions through regular check-ups and the use of the ABCDE melanoma rule. Training programs have demonstrated that proper education can significantly improve early diagnosis and patient care. Additionally, using risk assessment tools increases awareness and preventive measures. Artificial intelligence offers additional support, showing high sensitivity in detecting melanoma. By integrating these strategies, family doctors may reduce skin cancer morbidity and mortality, improving public health outcomes.

Keywords: melanoma, prevention, screening, UV radiation

MEDICAL PRACTICE 

Narrative review

Addressing the rise in antimicrobial resistance from the family doctor’s perspective

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is an escalating global health concern, primarily driven by the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics. In 2019, Romania ranked among the top three countries in Europe in terms of antimicrobial consumption. Family physicians play a pivotal role in addressing this issue, as they serve as the primary point of contact for patients and are among the leading prescribers of antibiotics. They frequently manage a broad spectrum of infections, including respiratory, gastrointestinal, and dermatological conditions. Ideally, treatment should be guided by local resistance patterns; however, Romania lacks sufficient epidemiological data to implement this approach. The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance highlights the importance of responsible prescribing practices. The family physician’s role includes implementing targeted therapy based on available resistance data, adhering to clinical guidelines, and providing patient education. Combating antimicrobial resistance requires joint efforts from both physicians and patients. Increasing knowledge about the distinction between bacterial and viral infections, as well as discouraging self-medication, are straightforward yet impactful strategies. A sustained effort is needed to raise awareness of the magnitude of this phenomenon and to implement concerted action at all levels of healthcare and across various specialties.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, antibiotherapy, role of the family doctor